“Warm, warmest, and warmer is the best way to characterize the 2013 summer season,” wrote AgWeatherNet (weather.wsu.edu) in its recent email about Washington summer weather. They characterized 2013 as the second warmest summer on record and noted particularly warm temperatures at night. Other notables during the summer were June rains and an early July heat wave, the earliest major hot spell in more than two decades.

Winemaker Ben Smith at Cadence described the 2013 growing season similarly, saying, “Early heat, middle heat, and ending heat.” Many have noted a comparison to the warm 2003 vintage but Smith said, “2013 wasn’t as extremely hot as 2003 – many fewer days over 100 – but pretty close.” Still, GDD data from WSU shows 2013 currently tracking as slightly head of 2003 in terms of heat units.

Smith, who gets fruit from several vineyards on Red Mountain including his own Cara Mia Vineyard, said that there were a number of effects of the summer’s warm temperatures. “This lead to rapid ripening and a short interval between veraison and harvest,” he said “Merlot suffered the most in the heat by shedding more acidity than Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc.”

For Smith, who picked his first fruit on September 5^th, it’s his earliest harvest ever. “Ripening has progressed like a freight train from the end of August to present,” he said.

Despite the heat and early season, he remains optimistic about the vintage, saying, “The trick this year is to pick early enough to retain freshness in the wine. I’m not too worried about ‘phenolic ripeness’ – it appears the weather has baked out most of the really green pyrazines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.”

Hillary Sjolund of Sonoris Wines, who also runs a consulting company called Enomama in the Tri-Cities, has a somewhat different take. She picked her first fruit on September 4^th, sixteen days earlier than last year, and said, “In these vintages, you have to be careful of ‘jumping the gun’ a little bit,” she said. “I’m not afraid of sugar, as long as the flavor comes along. If we can afford to let stuff hang out there to get the flavor/tannin balance, then we should do it. The weather is certainly allowing us time for that. The sugar may be there, but the tannins could be green. We don’t want that.”

From what Sjolund has seen thus far, she’s been impressed with the quality of the fruit. “It’s going to be a great vintage,” she said. “The flavors have been really concentrated and intense, as I would expect with smaller clusters and smaller berries. Overall, we are seeing less tonnage in most areas.”

While last week brought rainy weather to some areas, few I spoke with noted any negative affects from the storm and some, like Sjolund, believed the effects were beneficial. “The slight cool down from that storm last week was great,” she said. “There wasn’t a lot of rain out there, and it allowed me a few extra days…The wind picked up, and things dried out just fine.”

Still, Sjolund, who anticipates being completed with harvest by October 1^st, said that the warmer vintage can present its own issues. “One thing that may be a challenge to winemakers this year is the temperature of the fruit at delivery. The fruit is warmer, fermentations are starting faster. Temperature control is going to be key.” Sjolund also noted that dehydration has been at issue with recent warm temperatures.

Looking back at the growing season thus far, winemaker Wade Wolfe of Thurston Wolfe, who works predominantly with fruit from the Yakima Valley and Horse Heaven Hills, noted three distinct weather related events: above average heat units for all months beginning in April; large fluctuations from record high temperatures to near record cool temperatures in May and June; and three times the average rainfall in June.

Wolfe noted that bud break, bloom and veraison were each about one week ahead of average in the vineyards he works with, with good set in all varieties. However, as summer has progressed, many of his sites have accelerated beyond this.

“A uniformly warm August, especially night time temperatures, advanced ripening and is resulting in harvest being about 12 days ahead of typical,” he said. “With any early start to harvest and projected warm September it should be a quick harvest with high quality fruit.”

Winemaker Josh Maloney of Milbrandt Vineyards said of the 2013 growing season, “The biggest difference this year is how early things started and stayed ahead of normal. In many areas this made it difficult for the vineyard crews to stay on track with all their work (shoot thinning, crop reduction, leafing, spraying, etc.). We also had a pretty hot July and early August, which appears to have affected the acid levels in the grapes, which are lower than normal.”

While many have noted that they are ahead of historical averages, Maloney said that this is not the case for his warmer sites on the Wahluke Slope. He wrote several days ago, “We’re only about a week into harvest at this point, but right now it looks like we are picking things on a ‘normal’ schedule, not an early schedule. This may be a side effect of the work being done late in the vineyard, or it might be that the average to warm sites in Washington don’t get any significant bump from warm years.” However, Maloney did note his cooler sites were approximately 10 days ahead of average.

Maloney also noted that things have slowed down in the vineyard in the past week. “It’s agonizing this time of the year because so many vineyards look like they are almost ready, but not quite. Everyone at the winery is ready to go and I want to pull the trigger on lots of fruit, but it just isn’t there yet.”

The last series of vintages have each provided their own unique challenges. 2010 was a cool growing season; 2011 was even cooler and followed by a vintage that tracked to historical norms in 2012. Now Washington’s many new vintners are experiencing their first true warm vintage. “We will have once again many winemakers with a new experience,” said Kent Waliser of Sagemoor Vineyards.

Waliser noted that the June rains led to bigger canopies in some cases in his vineyards, which have been running about 10 days head of historical averages since bud break. “Not the best situation but it has been manageable, although I am sure it has contributed to early ripening,” he said.

“For the most part we have good crop levels to match the growing season,” Waliser said. “We expect harvest to last until the end of October and, unlike the last four years, we expect it to be quite orderly. That will be unusual if it happens.”

Pictures by Richard Duval.

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See information on the Washington State Growing Degree Days here.

See monthly forecast for Yakima Valley (Sunnyside), Red Mountain (Benton City), Walla Walla, Paterson, and Mattawa.

The information in the table below is aggregated from personal correspondence with growers and winemakers, as well as information posted on Twitter and Facebook. It is not intended to be comprehensive but rather is intended as a snapshot of what is going on around the state. If you wish to send data for your grapes or vineyards (or correct any of the information below), please email me at [email protected], leave a comment here, or leave a comment on the WWR Facebook page.